# Retrieve Data From Nordic Microalgae

## Nordic Microalgae

Nordic Microalgae is an online platform providing high-quality images, illustrations, and detailed information about aquatic microalgae and related organisms in the Nordic region, including phytoplankton, microzooplankton, and benthic microalgae (Torstensson et al. 2024). It features a comprehensive species checklist, up-to-date taxonomic data linked to WoRMS and AlgaeBase, and supplementary resources such as biovolume lists and occurrence maps. Established in 1996 and supported by long-term funding from the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Biodiversity Data Infrastructure (SBDI).

All data on Nordic Microalgae is accessible through our API. Below are examples demonstrating how to extract data using the SHARK4R package.

## Getting Started

#### Installation

You can install the latest version of `SHARK4R` from CRAN using:

    install.packages("SHARK4R")

Load the `SHARK4R` and `dplyr` libraries:

    library(SHARK4R)

## Retrieve Complete Nordic Microalgae Taxon Table

A complete Nordic Microalgae taxa list can be retrieved through the API.

    # Get taxa information
    taxa <- get_nua_taxa(unparsed = FALSE)

    # Print data
    print(taxa)

    ## # A tibble: 6,867 × 5
    ##    scientific_name           authority                       rank  slug  nua_url
    ##    <chr>                     <chr>                           <chr> <chr> <chr>
    ##  1 Abollifer                 Vørs, 1992                      Genus abol… https:…
    ##  2 Abollifer prolabens       Vørs, 1992                      Spec… abol… https:…
    ##  3 Acanthoceras              Honigm., 1910                   Genus acan… https:…
    ##  4 Acanthoceras zachariasii  (Brun) Simonsen, 1979           Spec… acan… https:…
    ##  5 Acanthocerataceae         Round, Crawford & Mann, 1990    Fami… acan… https:…
    ##  6 Acanthocorbis             S.Hara & E.Takahashi, 1984      Genus acan… https:…
    ##  7 Acanthocorbis apoda       (Leadbeater) Hara & Takahashi,… Spec… acan… https:…
    ##  8 Acanthocorbis asymmetrica (Thomsen) Hara & Takahashi, 19… Spec… acan… https:…
    ##  9 Acanthocorbis campanula   (Espeland) Thomsen, 1991        Spec… acan… https:…
    ## 10 Acanthocorbis haurakiana  Thomsen, 1991                   Spec… acan… https:…
    ## # ℹ 6,857 more rows

The full taxonomic information can be accessed as an unparsed list by enabling the `unparsed` parameter.

## Get Nordic Microalgae External Links or Facts

Each taxon sheet on Nordic Microalgae contains facts, such as links to external webpages (e.g. AlgaeBase, WoRMS and Dyntaxa). These links can be retrieved through the API.

    # Randomly select 10 taxa from shark_taxon$scientific_name
    slugs <- sample(taxa$slug, size = 10)

    # Get external links
    external_links <- get_nua_external_links(slugs,
                                             verbose = FALSE,
                                             unparsed = FALSE)

    # Print list
    print(external_links)

    ## # A tibble: 55 × 6
    ##    slug                       provider label external_id external_url collection
    ##    <chr>                      <chr>    <chr> <chr>       <chr>        <chr>
    ##  1 actiniscales               Dyntaxa  Dynt… 3000619     https://art… External …
    ##  2 actiniscales               GBIF     GBIF  9066259     https://www… External …
    ##  3 actiniscales               ITIS     ITIS  573281      http://www.… External …
    ##  4 actiniscales               WoRMS    WoRMS 231760      https://www… External …
    ##  5 derepyxis-ollula-var-minu… AlgaeBa… Alga… 141207      https://www… External …
    ##  6 derepyxis-ollula-var-minu… Dyntaxa  Dynt… 257854      https://art… External …
    ##  7 derepyxis-ollula-var-minu… GBIF     GBIF  8029763     https://www… External …
    ##  8 derepyxis-ollula-var-minu… WoRMS    WoRMS 674859      https://www… External …
    ##  9 lingulaulax-polyedra       AlgaeBa… Alga… 194651      https://www… External …
    ## 10 lingulaulax-polyedra       WoRMS    WoRMS 1778370     https://www… External …
    ## # ℹ 45 more rows

The full list of facts can be accessed as an unparsed list by setting the `unparsed` parameter to `TRUE`.

## Get Nordic Microalgae Harmfulness Information

Taxa listed in the IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Microalgae contain information about harmfulness. This information can be retrieved through the API.

    # Get external links
    harmfulness <- get_nua_harmfulness(c("dinophysis-acuta",
                                         "alexandrium-ostenfeldii"),
                                       verbose = FALSE)

    # Print list
    print(harmfulness)

    ## # A tibble: 11 × 6
    ##    slug                    provider   label  external_id external_url collection
    ##    <chr>                   <chr>      <chr>  <chr>       <chr>        <chr>
    ##  1 dinophysis-acuta        IOC        IOC H… 109604      https://www… Harmful a…
    ##  2 dinophysis-acuta        IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 6           https://tox… Harmful a…
    ##  3 dinophysis-acuta        IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 1           https://tox… Harmful a…
    ##  4 dinophysis-acuta        IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 5           https://tox… Harmful a…
    ##  5 alexandrium-ostenfeldii IOC        IOC H… 109712      https://www… Harmful a…
    ##  6 alexandrium-ostenfeldii IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 464         https://tox… Harmful a…
    ##  7 alexandrium-ostenfeldii IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 463         https://tox… Harmful a…
    ##  8 alexandrium-ostenfeldii IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 462         https://tox… Harmful a…
    ##  9 alexandrium-ostenfeldii IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 12          https://tox… Harmful a…
    ## 10 alexandrium-ostenfeldii IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 15          https://tox… Harmful a…
    ## 11 alexandrium-ostenfeldii IOC-UNESCO IOC-U… 17          https://tox… Harmful a…

## Get Nordic Microalgae Media Links

Links to all images present on Nordic Microalgae can be retrieved through the API. The images are available in four sizes: original (o), small (s), medium (m), and large (l).

    # Get all media links
    media <- get_nua_media_links(unparsed = FALSE)

    # Print list
    print(media)

    ## # A tibble: 2,424 × 10
    ##    slug              image_l_url image_o_url image_s_url image_m_url contributor
    ##    <chr>             <chr>       <chr>       <chr>       <chr>       <chr>
    ##  1 <NA>              https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Per Wilhel…
    ##  2 odontella-sinens… https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Ann-Turi S…
    ##  3 odontella-aurita  https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Ann-Turi S…
    ##  4 octactis-speculum https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… SMHI
    ##  5 lennoxia-faveola… https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Maria Karl…
    ##  6 <NA>              https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Per Wilhel…
    ##  7 <NA>              https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Per Wilhel…
    ##  8 <NA>              https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Per Wilhel…
    ##  9 <NA>              https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Per Wilhel…
    ## 10 <NA>              https://no… https://no… https://no… https://no… Per Wilhel…
    ## # ℹ 2,414 more rows
    ## # ℹ 4 more variables: photographer_artist <chr>, copyright_holder <chr>,
    ## #   license <chr>, galleries <chr>

Complete media information can be retrieved as an unparsed list by setting the `unparsed` parameter to `TRUE`.

## Get Nordic Microalgae Media Metadata

Detailed metadata for all media items on Nordic Microalgae can be retrieved through the API. This includes information such as location, sampling date, geographic coordinates, imaging technique, and contributor details.

    # Get all media metadata
    media_metadata <- get_nua_media_metadata(unparsed = FALSE)

    # Print list
    print(media_metadata)

    ## # A tibble: 2,424 × 26
    ##    slug    taxon_slug scientific_name file  type  title caption license location
    ##    <chr>   <chr>      <chr>           <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>   <chr>   <chr>
    ##  1 stigfj… <NA>       <NA>            stig… imag… Stig… "Taken… Creati… Stigfjo…
    ##  2 odonte… odontella… Odontella sine… odon… imag… Odon… "O. si… Creati… Kosterf…
    ##  3 odonte… odontella… Odontella auri… odon… imag… Odon… "Live … Creati… Havsten…
    ##  4 octact… octactis-… Octactis specu… octa… imag… Octa… "Two c… Creati… Danafjo…
    ##  5 lennox… lennoxia-… Lennoxia faveo… lenn… imag… Lenn… ""      Creati… Danafjo…
    ##  6 bolmen… <NA>       <NA>            bolm… imag… Bolm… "Taken… Creati… Bolmen,…
    ##  7 bolmen… <NA>       <NA>            bolm… imag… Bolm… "Taken… Creati… Bolmen,…
    ##  8 bolmen… <NA>       <NA>            bolm… imag… Bolm… "Taken… Creati… Bolmen,…
    ##  9 hassle… <NA>       <NA>            hass… imag… Hass… "Taken… Creati… Hasslem…
    ## 10 hassle… <NA>       <NA>            hass… imag… Hass… "Taken… Creati… Hasslem…
    ## # ℹ 2,414 more rows
    ## # ℹ 17 more variables: contributor <chr>, photographer_artist <chr>,
    ## #   copyright_holder <chr>, copyright_stamp <chr>, galleries <chr>,
    ## #   technique <list>, contrast_enhancement <list>, preservation <list>,
    ## #   stain <list>, sampling_date <chr>, geographic_area <chr>,
    ## #   latitude_degree <chr>, longitude_degree <chr>, institute <chr>,
    ## #   contributing_organisation <chr>, created_at <chr>, updated_at <chr>

## Get Nordic Microalgae Image Labeling Links

Nordic Microalgae hosts images from automated imaging instruments (e.g., IFCB) used for image labeling. Links to these images can be retrieved through the API, similar to `get_nua_media_links()`.

    # Get all image labeling media links
    il_links <- get_nua_image_labeling_links(unparsed = FALSE)

    # Print list
    print(il_links)

    ## # A tibble: 796 × 10
    ##    slug            image_l_url   image_o_url image_s_url image_m_url contributor
    ##    <chr>           <chr>         <chr>       <chr>       <chr>       <chr>
    ##  1 tripos-muelleri https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  2 tripos-muelleri https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  3 tripos-muelleri https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  4 tripos-muelleri https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  5 tripos-muelleri https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  6 tripos-lineatus https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  7 tripos-lineatus https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  8 tripos-lineatus https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ##  9 tripos-lineatus https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ## 10 tripos-lineatus https://nord… https://no… https://no… https://no… Anders Tor…
    ## # ℹ 786 more rows
    ## # ℹ 4 more variables: copyright_holder <chr>, license <chr>,
    ## #   imaging_instrument <chr>, priority <int>

## Get Nordic Microalgae Image Labeling Metadata

Detailed metadata for automated imaging images can be retrieved through the API. This includes information about the imaging instrument, training dataset, location, and taxonomic details.

    # Get all image labeling metadata
    il_metadata <- get_nua_image_labeling_metadata(unparsed = FALSE)

    # Print list
    print(il_metadata)

    ## # A tibble: 796 × 22
    ##    slug    taxon_slug scientific_name file  type  title caption license location
    ##    <chr>   <chr>      <chr>           <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>   <chr>   <chr>
    ##  1 tripos… tripos-mu… Tripos muelleri trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  2 tripos… tripos-mu… Tripos muelleri trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  3 tripos… tripos-mu… Tripos muelleri trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  4 tripos… tripos-mu… Tripos muelleri trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  5 tripos… tripos-mu… Tripos muelleri trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  6 tripos… tripos-li… Tripos lineatus trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  7 tripos… tripos-li… Tripos lineatus trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  8 tripos… tripos-li… Tripos lineatus trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ##  9 tripos… tripos-li… Tripos lineatus trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ## 10 tripos… tripos-li… Tripos lineatus trip… imag… Trip… ""      Creati… Tångesu…
    ## # ℹ 786 more rows
    ## # ℹ 13 more variables: contributor <chr>, copyright_holder <chr>,
    ## #   imaging_instrument <chr>, training_dataset <chr>, sampling_date <lgl>,
    ## #   geographic_area <chr>, latitude_degree <chr>, longitude_degree <chr>,
    ## #   institute <chr>, contributing_organisation <chr>, priority <int>,
    ## #   created_at <chr>, updated_at <chr>

## Get NOMP and EG Phyto Biovolume lists

To standardize phytoplankton monitoring efforts in the Baltic Sea, Skagerrak, and the North Sea, various lists containing size class information for each taxon have been established. These lists can be retrieved directly in R using `SHARK4R`:

    # Get EG Phyto Biovolume list
    peg_list <- get_peg_list()

    # Print list
    print(peg_list)

    # Get NOMP Biovolume list
    nomp_list <- get_nomp_list()

    # Print list
    print(nomp_list)

    ## # A tibble: 3,527 × 36
    ##    Division    Class Order Genus Species SFLAG STAGE Author AphiaID AphiaID_link
    ##    <chr>       <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>   <chr> <chr> <chr>    <dbl> <chr>
    ##  1 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  West …  146563 http://www.…
    ##  2 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  West …  146563 http://www.…
    ##  3 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  West …  146563 http://www.…
    ##  4 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  West …  146563 http://www.…
    ##  5 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  West …  146563 http://www.…
    ##  6 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  West …  146563 http://www.…
    ##  7 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  West …  146563 http://www.…
    ##  8 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  W. & …  146564 http://www.…
    ##  9 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  W. & …  146564 http://www.…
    ## 10 CYANOBACTE… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>  <NA>  W. & …  146564 http://www.…
    ## # ℹ 3,517 more rows
    ## # ℹ 26 more variables: Trophy <chr>, Geometric_shape <chr>, FORMULA <chr>,
    ## #   SizeClassNo <dbl>, Nonvalid_SIZCL <lgl>, Not_accepted_name <lgl>,
    ## #   Unit <chr>, SizeRange <chr>, `Length(l1)µm` <dbl>, `Length(l2)µm` <dbl>,
    ## #   `Width(w)µm` <dbl>, `Height(h)µm` <dbl>, `Diameter(d1)µm` <dbl>,
    ## #   `Diameter(d2)µm` <dbl>, `No_of_cells/counting_unit` <dbl>,
    ## #   `Calculated_volume_µm3 (with formula) - NOT IMPORTED, NOT handled by ICES` <dbl>, …

    ## # A tibble: 3,852 × 39
    ##    List      `HELCOM area` `OSPAR area` Division Class Order Genus Species SFLAG
    ##    <chr>     <chr>         <chr>        <chr>    <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>   <chr>
    ##  1 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  2 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  3 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  4 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  5 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  6 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  7 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  8 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ##  9 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ## 10 PEG_BVOL… x             <NA>         CYANOBA… Cyan… CHRO… Apha… Aphano… <NA>
    ## # ℹ 3,842 more rows
    ## # ℹ 30 more variables: STAGE <chr>, Author <chr>, AphiaID <dbl>,
    ## #   AphiaID_link <chr>, Trophy <chr>, Geometric_shape <chr>, FORMULA <chr>,
    ## #   SizeClassNo <dbl>, Nonvalid_SIZCL <lgl>, Not_accepted_name <chr>,
    ## #   Unit <chr>, SizeRange <chr>, `Length(l1)µm` <dbl>, `Length(l2)µm` <dbl>,
    ## #   `Width(w)µm` <dbl>, `Height(h)µm` <dbl>, `Diameter(d1)µm` <dbl>,
    ## #   `Diameter(d2)µm` <dbl>, `No_of_cells/counting_unit` <dbl>, …

Please note that `SHARK4R` also includes a useful function for reading exported Plankton Toolbox data files: `read_ptbx()`.

## Citation

    ## To cite package 'SHARK4R' in publications use:
    ##
    ##   Lindh, M. and Torstensson, A. (2026). SHARK4R: Accessing and
    ##   Validating Marine Environmental Data from 'SHARK' and Related
    ##   Databases. R package version 1.1.1.
    ##   https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SHARK4R
    ##
    ## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
    ##
    ##   @Manual{,
    ##     title = {SHARK4R: Accessing and Validating Marine Environmental Data from 'SHARK' and Related Databases},
    ##     author = {Markus Lindh and Anders Torstensson},
    ##     year = {2026},
    ##     note = {R package version 1.1.1},
    ##     url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SHARK4R},
    ##   }

## References

- Torstensson, A., Loo, A., Sundqvist, L., Skjevik, A.-T., Karlberg, M., Johansen, M., Andreasson, A., and Karlson, B. (2024). Nordic Microalgae 2.0, Accessed at www.nordicmicroalgae.org on 2026-03-10.